Blockchain и шифрование: различия между версиями
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| Строка 320: | Строка 320: | ||
echo ${KEY_PASSWORD} > ${NAME}.pass | echo ${KEY_PASSWORD} > ${NAME}.pass | ||
openssl x509 -in ${NAME}.crt -text -noout | openssl x509 -in ${NAME}.crt -text -noout | ||
openssl rsa -passin pass:`cat ./${NAME}.pass` -in ${NAME}.key -out ${NAME}.wo.pwd.key | |||
# add to Ubuntu | # add to Ubuntu | ||
Версия от 02:19, 26 января 2019
Генерация случайных строк
#!/bin/bash # bash generate random alphanumeric string # # bash generate random 32 character alphanumeric string (upper and lowercase) and NEW_UUID=$(cat /dev/urandom | tr -dc 'a-zA-Z0-9' | fold -w 32 | head -n 1) # bash generate random 32 character alphanumeric string (lowercase only) cat /dev/urandom | tr -dc 'a-zA-Z0-9' | fold -w 32 | head -n 1 # Random numbers in a range, more randomly distributed than $RANDOM which is not # very random in terms of distribution of numbers. # bash generate random number between 0 and 9 cat /dev/urandom | tr -dc '0-9' | fold -w 256 | head -n 1 | head --bytes 1 # bash generate random number between 0 and 99 NUMBER=$(cat /dev/urandom | tr -dc '0-9' | fold -w 256 | head -n 1 | sed -e 's/^0*//' | head --bytes 2) if [ "$NUMBER" == "" ]; then NUMBER=0 fi # bash generate random number between 0 and 999 NUMBER=$(cat /dev/urandom | tr -dc '0-9' | fold -w 256 | head -n 1 | sed -e 's/^0*//' | head --bytes 3) if [ "$NUMBER" == "" ]; then NUMBER=0 fi
Ассиметричное шифрование
Есть 2 ключа. Публичный и приватный.
Концепция делится на 2 части:
- Концепция "достоверность отправителя". Вы подписываете сообщение приватным ключом. Остальные могут убедится, что сообщение написали вы, т.к. подпись проверяется открытым ключом.
- Концепция "почтовый ящик". Вы шифруете сообщение публичным ключом. Расшифровать можно только приватным. Отправляете сообщение в мир, а открыть его может только тот у кого есть ключ.
В конечном итоге вы шифруете открытым ключом получателя и подписываете своим ключом. Получается что получатель может убедится, что отправили его именно вы, а расшифровать может только он.
Концепция "достоверность отправителя"
#!/usr/bin/env bash
NAME=alice
PASSWORD=`cat /dev/urandom | tr -dc 'a-zA-Z0-9' | fold -w 32 | head -n 1`
openssl genrsa -aes256 -passout pass:${PASSWORD} -out ${NAME}.private.pem 8912
openssl rsa -in ${NAME}.private.pem -passin pass:${PASSWORD} -pubout -out ${NAME}.public.pem
echo $PASSWORD > ${NAME}.pass
NAME=bob
PASSWORD=`cat /dev/urandom | tr -dc 'a-zA-Z0-9' | fold -w 32 | head -n 1`
openssl genrsa -aes256 -passout pass:${PASSWORD} -out ${NAME}.private.pem 8912
openssl rsa -in ${NAME}.private.pem -passin pass:${PASSWORD} -pubout -out ${NAME}.public.pem
echo $PASSWORD > ${NAME}.pass
I=0
I=$((I+1))
NAME=alice
FILE=`printf "%03d" ${I}`.${NAME}.msg
MESSAGE='Hello Bob! I love you'
PASSWORD=`cat ${NAME}.pass`
echo ${MESSAGE} > ${FILE}
openssl dgst -sha256 -sign ${NAME}.private.pem -passin pass:${PASSWORD} -out ${FILE}.sign.sha256 ${FILE}
openssl base64 -in ${FILE}.sign.sha256 -out ${FILE}.sign.sha256.base64
I=$((I+1))
NAME=bob
FILE=`printf "%03d" ${I}`.${NAME}.msg
MESSAGE='Hello Alice! I love you tooo :*'
PASSWORD=`cat ${NAME}.pass`
echo ${MESSAGE} > ${FILE}
openssl dgst -sha256 -sign ${NAME}.private.pem -passin pass:${PASSWORD} -out ${FILE}.sign.sha256 ${FILE}
openssl base64 -in ${FILE}.sign.sha256 -out ${FILE}.sign.sha256.base64
for FILE in `ls -1 *.msg`
do
NAME=`echo ${FILE} | awk -F\. '{print $2}'`
openssl base64 -d -in ${FILE}.sign.sha256.base64 -out ${FILE}.sign.sha256.check
openssl dgst -sha256 -verify ${NAME}.public.pem -signature ${FILE}.sign.sha256.check ${FILE}
done
Концепция "почтовый ящик"
#!/usr/bin/env bash
NAME=alice
PASSWORD=`cat /dev/urandom | tr -dc 'a-zA-Z0-9' | fold -w 32 | head -n 1`
openssl genrsa -aes256 -passout pass:${PASSWORD} -out ${NAME}.private.pem 8912
openssl rsa -in ${NAME}.private.pem -passin pass:${PASSWORD} -pubout -out ${NAME}.public.pem
echo $PASSWORD > ${NAME}.pass
NAME=bob
PASSWORD=`cat /dev/urandom | tr -dc 'a-zA-Z0-9' | fold -w 32 | head -n 1`
openssl genrsa -aes256 -passout pass:${PASSWORD} -out ${NAME}.private.pem 8912
openssl rsa -in ${NAME}.private.pem -passin pass:${PASSWORD} -pubout -out ${NAME}.public.pem
echo $PASSWORD > ${NAME}.pass
I=0
I=$((I+1))
NAME=bob
FILE=`printf "%03d" ${I}`.${NAME}.msgenc
MESSAGE='Hello Bob! I love you'
echo ${MESSAGE} > ${FILE}
openssl rsautl -encrypt -pubin -inkey ${NAME}.public.pem -in ${FILE} -out ${FILE}.encrypted
I=$((I+1))
NAME=alice
FILE=`printf "%03d" ${I}`.${NAME}.msgenc
MESSAGE='Hello Alice! I love you tooo :*'
echo ${MESSAGE} > ${FILE}
openssl rsautl -encrypt -pubin -inkey ${NAME}.public.pem -in ${FILE} -out ${FILE}.encrypted
for FILE in `ls -1 *.msgenc`
do
NAME=`echo ${FILE} | awk -F\. '{print $2}'`
PASSWORD=`cat ${NAME}.pass`
openssl rsautl -decrypt -inkey ${NAME}.private.pem -passin pass:${PASSWORD} -in ${FILE}.encrypted -out ${FILE}.encrypted.check
CHECK=`diff ${FILE} ${FILE}.encrypted.check`
if [ -z "$CHECK" ]
then
echo "VERIFY OK"
fi
done
Зашифрованные сообщения с подписью
#!/usr/bin/env bash
NAME=alice
PASSWORD=`cat /dev/urandom | tr -dc 'a-zA-Z0-9' | fold -w 32 | head -n 1`
openssl genrsa -aes256 -passout pass:${PASSWORD} -out ${NAME}.private.pem 8912
openssl rsa -in ${NAME}.private.pem -passin pass:${PASSWORD} -pubout -out ${NAME}.public.pem
echo $PASSWORD > ${NAME}.pass
NAME=bob
PASSWORD=`cat /dev/urandom | tr -dc 'a-zA-Z0-9' | fold -w 32 | head -n 1`
openssl genrsa -aes256 -passout pass:${PASSWORD} -out ${NAME}.private.pem 8912
openssl rsa -in ${NAME}.private.pem -passin pass:${PASSWORD} -pubout -out ${NAME}.public.pem
echo $PASSWORD > ${NAME}.pass
I=0
I=$((I+1))
FROM=alice
TO=bob
FILE=msg.`printf "%03d" ${I}`.${FROM}.${TO}
PASSWORD=`cat ${FROM}.pass`
MESSAGE='Hello Bob! I love you'
echo ${MESSAGE} > ${FILE}
openssl rsautl -encrypt -pubin -inkey ${TO}.public.pem -in ${FILE} -out ${FILE}.encrypted
openssl dgst -sha256 -sign ${FROM}.private.pem -passin pass:${PASSWORD} -out sign.${FILE}.encrypted ${FILE}.encrypted
openssl base64 -in ${FILE}.encrypted -out ${FILE}.encrypted.base64
openssl base64 -in sign.${FILE}.encrypted -out sign.${FILE}.encrypted.base64
rm ${FILE} ${FILE}.encrypted sign.${FILE}.encrypted
I=$((I+1))
FROM=bob
TO=alice
FILE=msg.`printf "%03d" ${I}`.${FROM}.${TO}
PASSWORD=`cat ${FROM}.pass`
MESSAGE='Hello Alice! I love you tooo :*'
echo ${MESSAGE} > ${FILE}
openssl rsautl -encrypt -pubin -inkey ${TO}.public.pem -in ${FILE} -out ${FILE}.encrypted
openssl dgst -sha256 -sign ${FROM}.private.pem -passin pass:${PASSWORD} -out sign.${FILE}.encrypted ${FILE}.encrypted
openssl base64 -in ${FILE}.encrypted -out ${FILE}.encrypted.base64
openssl base64 -in sign.${FILE}.encrypted -out sign.${FILE}.encrypted.base64
rm ${FILE} ${FILE}.encrypted sign.${FILE}.encrypted
for FILE in `ls -1 msg.*`
do
FROM=`echo ${FILE} | awk -F\. '{print $3}'`
TO=`echo ${FILE} | awk -F\. '{print $4}'`
PASSWORD=`cat ${TO}.pass`
echo '====================================='
echo 'FROM '${FROM}
echo 'TO '${TO}
openssl base64 -d -in ${FILE} -out ${FILE}.binary
openssl base64 -d -in sign.${FILE} -out sign.${FILE}.binary
openssl dgst -sha256 -verify ${FROM}.public.pem -signature sign.${FILE}.binary ${FILE}.binary
openssl rsautl -decrypt -inkey ${TO}.private.pem -passin pass:${PASSWORD} -in ${FILE}.binary -out ${FILE}.binary.dencrypted
cat ${FILE}.binary.dencrypted
echo '====================================='
rm ${FILE}.binary sign.${FILE}.binary ${FILE}.binary.dencrypted
done
Хэширование
Хэширование - это получение контрольной суммы от данных. Длина хэша ограничена. Длина данных - нет.
Коллизия - это когда на 2 пары разных данных получается один и тот же хэш.
Стойкость к коллизиям, непредсказуемость хэша и равномерная респределенность - главные критерии качества алгоритма хэширования.
Цепочка хэшей - это когда в каждое последующее звено цепи вы добавляете хэш предыдущего звена.
#!/usr/bin/env bash
mkdir users
USERS=(alice bob tom john michael jane mackenzie leo alex jim)
for NAME in ${USERS[*]}
do
mkdir users/${NAME}
PASSWORD=`cat /dev/urandom | tr -dc 'a-zA-Z0-9' | fold -w 32 | head -n 1`
openssl genrsa -aes256 -passout pass:${PASSWORD} -out users/${NAME}/private.pem 4096
openssl rsa -in users/${NAME}/private.pem -passin pass:${PASSWORD} -pubout -out users/${NAME}/public.pem
echo $PASSWORD > users/${NAME}/pass
done
mkdir transactions
I=0
while [ $I -le 1000 ]
do
FROM=${USERS[$RANDOM % ${#USERS[@]}]}
TO=${USERS[$RANDOM % ${#USERS[@]}]}
if [ "$FROM" == "$TO" ]
then
continue
fi
I=$((I+1))
FILE=transaction.`printf "%03d" ${I}`.${FROM}.${TO}
MESSAGE=$((RANDOM % 100 + 1))
echo ${MESSAGE} > transactions/${FILE}
openssl dgst -sha256 -sign users/${FROM}/private.pem -passin pass:`cat users/${FROM}/pass` -out transactions/sign.${FILE} transactions/${FILE}
openssl base64 -in transactions/sign.${FILE} -out transactions/sign.${FILE}.base64
rm transactions/sign.${FILE}
done
I=0
ls -1 transactions/transaction.* | while read f
do
I=$((I+1))
FILE=`basename ${f}`
FROM=`echo ${FILE} | awk -F\. '{print $3}'`
TO=`echo ${FILE} | awk -F\. '{print $4}'`
openssl base64 -d -in transactions/sign.${FILE}.base64 -out transactions/sign.${FILE}.base64.binary
openssl dgst -sha256 -verify users/${FROM}/public.pem -signature transactions/sign.${FILE}.base64.binary transactions/${FILE}
if [[ $? -eq 0 ]]
then
echo ${FILE}
echo 'Verification ERROR!'
break
fi
rm transactions/sign.${FILE}.base64.binary
done
Генерация корневого сертификата и дочернего для хоста
#!/usr/bin/env bash
ROOT_NAME="rootCA"
ROOT_KEY_PASSWORD=`cat /dev/urandom | tr -dc 'a-zA-Z0-9' | fold -w 32 | head -n 1`
ROOT_CRT_DAYS=10950
ROOT_CRT_EMAIL="email@example.com"
ROOT_CRT_COUNTRY="RU"
ROOT_CRT_STATE="Moscow"
ROOT_CRT_LOCATION="Moscow"
ROOT_CRT_ORGANIZATION="Org"
ROOT_CRT_ORGANIZATION_UNIT="Org"
ROOT_CRT_COMMON_NAME="example.com"
openssl genrsa\
-des3\
-passout pass:${ROOT_KEY_PASSWORD}\
-out ${ROOT_NAME}.key 2048
openssl req\
-x509\
-new\
-key ${ROOT_NAME}.key\
-passin pass:${ROOT_KEY_PASSWORD}\
-days ${ROOT_CRT_DAYS}\
-subj "/emailAddress=${ROOT_CRT_EMAIL}/C=${ROOT_CRT_COUNTRY}/ST=${ROOT_CRT_STATE}/L=${ROOT_CRT_LOCATION}/O=${ROOT_CRT_ORGANIZATION}/OU=${ROOT_CRT_ORGANIZATION_UNIT}/CN=${ROOT_CRT_COMMON_NAME}"\
-out ${ROOT_NAME}.crt
echo ${ROOT_KEY_PASSWORD} > ${ROOT_NAME}.pass
NAME="example"
KEY_PASSWORD=`cat /dev/urandom | tr -dc 'a-zA-Z0-9' | fold -w 32 | head -n 1`
CRT_DAYS=3650
CRT_EMAIL="email@example.com"
CRT_COUNTRY="RU"
CRT_STATE="Moscow"
CRT_LOCATION="Moscow"
CRT_ORGANIZATION="Org"
CRT_ORGANIZATION_UNIT="Org"
CRT_COMMON_NAME="example.com"
openssl genrsa\
-des3\
-passout pass:${KEY_PASSWORD}\
-out ${NAME}.key 2048
openssl req\
-new\
-key ${NAME}.key\
-passin pass:${KEY_PASSWORD}\
-subj "/emailAddress=${CRT_EMAIL}/C=${CRT_COUNTRY}/ST=${CRT_STATE}/L=${CRT_LOCATION}/O=${CRT_ORGANIZATION}/OU=${CRT_ORGANIZATION_UNIT}/CN=${CRT_COMMON_NAME}"\
-out ${NAME}.csr
openssl x509\
-req\
-in ${NAME}.csr\
-CA ${ROOT_NAME}.crt\
-CAkey ${ROOT_NAME}.key\
-passin pass:${ROOT_KEY_PASSWORD}\
-CAcreateserial\
-days ${CRT_DAYS}\
-extensions v3_req\
-out ${NAME}.crt\
-extfile <(cat /etc/ssl/openssl.cnf <(printf "\n[ v3_req ]\nbasicConstraints = CA:FALSE\nkeyUsage = nonRepudiation, digitalSignature, keyEncipherment\nsubjectAltName = @alt_names\n\n[ alt_names ]\nDNS.1 = ${CRT_COMMON_NAME}"))
echo ${KEY_PASSWORD} > ${NAME}.pass
openssl x509 -in ${NAME}.crt -text -noout
openssl rsa -passin pass:`cat ./${NAME}.pass` -in ${NAME}.key -out ${NAME}.wo.pwd.key
# add to Ubuntu
sudo mkdir /usr/share/ca-certificates/extra
sudo cp ${ROOT_NAME}.crt /usr/share/ca-certificates/extra/${ROOT_NAME}.crt
sudo dpkg-reconfigure ca-certificates
sudo update-ca-certificates
Цепочка сертификатов
#!/usr/bin/env bash
ROOT_NAME="rootCA"
ROOT_KEY_PASSWORD=`cat /dev/urandom | tr -dc 'a-zA-Z0-9' | fold -w 32 | head -n 1`
ROOT_CRT_DAYS=10950
ROOT_CRT_EMAIL="email@example.com"
ROOT_CRT_COUNTRY="RU"
ROOT_CRT_STATE="Moscow"
ROOT_CRT_LOCATION="Moscow"
ROOT_CRT_ORGANIZATION="Org"
ROOT_CRT_ORGANIZATION_UNIT="Org"
ROOT_CRT_COMMON_NAME="example.com"
openssl genrsa\
-des3\
-passout pass:${ROOT_KEY_PASSWORD}\
-out ${ROOT_NAME}.key 2048
openssl req\
-x509\
-new\
-key ${ROOT_NAME}.key\
-passin pass:${ROOT_KEY_PASSWORD}\
-days ${ROOT_CRT_DAYS}\
-subj "/emailAddress=${ROOT_CRT_EMAIL}/C=${ROOT_CRT_COUNTRY}/ST=${ROOT_CRT_STATE}/L=${ROOT_CRT_LOCATION}/O=${ROOT_CRT_ORGANIZATION}/OU=${ROOT_CRT_ORGANIZATION_UNIT}/CN=${ROOT_CRT_COMMON_NAME}"\
-out ${ROOT_NAME}.crt
echo ${ROOT_KEY_PASSWORD} > ${ROOT_NAME}.pass
NAME="example"
KEY_PASSWORD=`cat /dev/urandom | tr -dc 'a-zA-Z0-9' | fold -w 32 | head -n 1`
CRT_DAYS=3650
CRT_EMAIL="email@example.com"
CRT_COUNTRY="RU"
CRT_STATE="Moscow"
CRT_LOCATION="Moscow"
CRT_ORGANIZATION="Org"
CRT_ORGANIZATION_UNIT="Org"
CRT_COMMON_NAME="example.com"
openssl genrsa\
-des3\
-passout pass:${KEY_PASSWORD}\
-out ${NAME}.key 2048
openssl req\
-new\
-key ${NAME}.key\
-passin pass:${KEY_PASSWORD}\
-subj "/emailAddress=${CRT_EMAIL}/C=${CRT_COUNTRY}/ST=${CRT_STATE}/L=${CRT_LOCATION}/O=${CRT_ORGANIZATION}/OU=${CRT_ORGANIZATION_UNIT}/CN=${CRT_COMMON_NAME}"\
-out ${NAME}.csr
openssl x509\
-req\
-in ${NAME}.csr\
-CA ${ROOT_NAME}.crt\
-CAkey ${ROOT_NAME}.key\
-passin pass:${ROOT_KEY_PASSWORD}\
-CAcreateserial\
-days ${CRT_DAYS}\
-extensions v3_req\
-out ${NAME}.crt\
-extfile <(cat /etc/ssl/openssl.cnf <(printf "\n[ v3_req ]\nbasicConstraints = CA:FALSE\nkeyUsage = nonRepudiation, digitalSignature, keyEncipherment\nsubjectAltName = @alt_names\n\n[ alt_names ]\nDNS.1 = ${CRT_COMMON_NAME}"))
echo ${KEY_PASSWORD} > ${NAME}.pass
Ссылки и доп информация
- https://vas3k.ru/blog/blockchain/
- https://tjournal.ru/money/45977-blokcheyn-i-mayning-svoimi-rukami
- https://www.zimuel.it/blog/sign-and-verify-a-file-using-openssl
- https://gist.github.com/dreikanter/c7e85598664901afae03fedff308736b
- https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man1/x509.html
- https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man1/req.html
- https://www.openssl.org/docs/man1.0.2/apps/genrsa.html
- https://www.openssl.org/docs/man1.0.2/apps/ca.html
- http://www.opennet.ru/base/sec/ssl_cert.txt.html
- https://knowledge.digicert.com/solution/SO5292.html